Domestic Violence, Restraining Order, Restraining Order

Can I Get a Domestic Violence Restraining Order In Any Relationship?

July 21, 2025 TRIWriter

Domestic violence is a serious issue that affects many individuals and families across California. If you are facing threats, harassment, or violence at the hands of a partner, family member, or someone close to you, understanding your rights is crucial. One of the most effective tools available for protection is a Domestic Violence Restraining Order (DVRO). But can you obtain one in any type of relationship?

Certified California Family Law Specialist Judy Burger clarifies what constitutes domestic violence under California law, discuss the types of relationships eligible for DVROs, and explains how she can assist you throughout this process.

Understanding Domestic Violence Under California Law

Domestic violence is defined under California Family Code § 6203 as abuse against an intimate partner. Abusive behavior can take many forms, including:

Physical Abuse: Any act of violence or threats of violence (hitting, slapping, pushing, etc.).
Emotional Abuse: Activities that provoke fear, isolation, or mental harm (intimidation, threats, or controlling behavior).
Financial Abuse: Controlling someone’s access to financial resources, thus creating economic dependence.
Sexual Abuse: Unwanted sexual acts or exploitation, including coerced sex.

California recognizes the importance of protecting individuals from such harm, and the law provides several avenues for victims to seek safety and justice. A Domestic Violence Restraining Order serves as a legal barrier, preventing the abuser from contacting or coming near the victim.

Who Can File for a DVRO?

California law outlines several types of relationships where a DVRO can be requested. Understanding these relationships is essential for anyone considering legal action:

Intimate Partners: This includes individuals who have been in a dating relationship. It does not matter if the relationship is ongoing or has ended; if there is a history of intimacy, you may seek a DVRO.
Married Couples: Current and former spouses are eligible to file for a DVRO. The law also extends protection to those in domestic partnerships.
Family Members: If you share familial ties, such as parents and children, siblings, or in-laws, you can pursue a DVRO. This applies regardless of whether you live together.
Cohabitants: Individuals who live together or have lived together in the past (even if they are not in a romantic relationship) can file for a DVRO as long as there is evidence of abuse.
Individuals with Children Together: If you have a child with another person, this relationship grants you the right to apply for a DVRO, regardless of your current relationship status.

How Judy L. Burger Can Help

Navigating the complexities of domestic violence cases can be overwhelming, especially for those dealing with trauma. Certified California Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger possesses extensive experience in family law and domestic violence cases. Here’s how she can assist:

Legal Guidance: Judy will provide expert legal advice on whether you qualify for a DVRO based on your specific circumstances, explaining your rights and the details of the process.
Preparation of Legal Documents: Filing a DVRO entails submitting various legal documents. Judy will ensure all paperwork is meticulously prepared and submitted in a timely manner.
Representation in Court: If your case requires a court appearance, Judy is prepared to represent you with skill and compassion, advocating for your rights and safety.
Support and Resources: Beyond legal advocacy, Judy can help connect you with local resources, including shelters, counseling services, and support groups for domestic violence survivors.
Follow-up and Enforcement: Obtaining a DVRO is just the first step. Judy can assist in ensuring the order is enforced and modifying it as needed in any future legal proceedings.

You can also get immediate assistance by calling the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233.

Frequently Asked Questions About DVROs

What is the difference between a temporary and a permanent DVRO?

A temporary DVRO is typically issued quickly, often at the first court appearance, to provide immediate protection. A permanent DVRO, on the other hand, requires a full hearing where both parties present evidence, and can last up to five years with the option for renewal.

How long does it take to get a DVRO?

The process can vary, but temporary DVROs can often be granted the same day they are filed. A full hearing for a permanent DVRO usually occurs within 3 weeks after the temporary order is issued.

What evidence do I need to present for a DVRO?

Evidence can include police reports, medical records, photographs of injuries, text messages, or any documentation showing a history of abuse or threats.

Can I get a DVRO against a roommate or friend?

Yes, if you have lived together or have a relationship that qualifies under California law, you can file for a DVRO, provided there is evidence of abuse.

What happens if the abuser violates the DVRO?

If the abuser violates the conditions of the DVRO, you should contact the police immediately. Violating a restraining order is a criminal offense, and legal consequences can ensue.

Get Help Filing for a Domestic Violence Restraining Order

If you find yourself in a situation involving domestic violence, understanding your rights and options is crucial. A Domestic Violence Restraining Order can provide the necessary protection and serve as a vital step toward gaining control over your life. Certified California Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger is here to guide you through this challenging process with compassion and expertise. Remember, you don’t have to face this alone—support and protection are available.

Child Custody, California Divorce, Domestic Violence

Tips for Proving Child Abuse in a Custody Hearing

August 20, 2024 TRIWriter

In many custody cases, parents prioritize their child’s well-being above all else. However, in some situations, a child may not be safe with one of their parents, especially if there is a history of domestic abuse or child abuse or if there are concerns about the child being exposed to a potentially dangerous environment.

While it’s crucial for a parent to safeguard their child, it’s important to note that child abuse allegations are treated with the utmost seriousness by the courts and should not be made without careful consideration. Certified California Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger can help you prove child abuse in your custody hearing to keep your children safe. Here are some things you should know.

Recognizing Child Abuse

The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) as amended by the CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010, defines child abuse and neglect as, at minimum:

“Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation;” or
“An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.”

California law defines child abuse as:

Physical injury inflicted on a child by another person
Sexual abuse, or
Emotional abuse

Child abuse can take many forms, including causing physical or psychological harm. While physical abuse may leave visible marks like bruises, psychological abuse can be harder to detect. Signs of psychological abuse may include a child becoming withdrawn or losing interest in activities they used to enjoy.

Emotional abuse and neglect may be more harmful in the long term than physical or sexual abuse.

It’s crucial for parents to be aware of these signs, as children who are being abused may be too young or scared to report it themselves. You may need help from medical or mental health professionals to help detect child abuse.

Proving Child Abuse

Proving allegations of child abuse in court or your custody hearing requires hard evidence. Hearsay – repeating what someone else told you – is not admissible evidence. Hard evidence that can withstand legal challenges by the defendant’s attorney is documented proof of actual abuse.

While this sounds simple, it can become complex. Sometimes, you may only be able to document the changes reflected in a child’s behavior that may point to abuse.

Here are some recommended ways to prove child abuse in a California family court:

Official Documentation

Official documents that show physical evidence of abuse reflect possible abusive behaviors or indicate a pattern of change in behavior that can indicate abuse are admissible. These can include:

Medical records (exam documentation, photos, mental evaluations, etc.)
School reports documenting grade changes or behavior shifts
Police reports of any incidents involving the other parent
Records showing missed or denied parenting time or parenting plan violations

Witness testimony

Witnesses provide context for your allegations and may offer credible first-hand evidence of abusive behavior. They can provide:

Written testimony
Video or photographic evidence
Out-of-court depositions
Live witness testimony
Expert custody evaluations (mental health experts, court-appointed parenting coordinators, home study professionals, etc.)

Custody Journals

A custody journal can help illustrate your relationships with the child and the other parent. You can document:

Situations in which you don’t believe the other parent acted in the child’s best interests
Interactions with the other parent
Attempts to comply with existing custody agreements
Quality time you spend with the child
The child’s emotional state
The child’s medical appointments
The child’s behavior
The child’s own comments

Reporting Child Abuse

If a parent has concerns about their child being abused by the other parent or someone in the other parent’s household, they have the right to ask the court for an order to limit or remove the other parent’s custody rights. If the court finds evidence of abuse, it will issue either a temporary or final order with custody terms that ensure the child’s safety.

Note: You cannot simply decide to ignore existing visitation or other parenting agreements if you suspect abuse or neglect. You could be held in contempt of court.

If you suspect abuse or the potential for abuse or harm, contact The Law Offices of Judy L. Burger. We can help you contact the Child Protective Services Department in your county and arrange for emergency responses. Our office can also petition the court for an ex-parte order to help keep you and your child safe until a court hearing can make more permanent decisions.

Domestic Violence, Restraining Order

What Qualifies as Domestic Violence in California?

August 6, 2024 TRIWriter

What acts qualify as Domestic Violence under California Law? Suffering physical, psychological, or emotional abuse is never OK. Get the facts about Domestic Violence and when you should request a domestic violence restraining order to protect you and your family. California Family Law Attorney Judy L. Burger can help you understand when you should petition the court for a restraining order.

You can also get immediate assistance by calling the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233.

Defining Domestic Violence

The United States Department of Justice defines domestic violence as: “Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, psychological, or technological actions or threats of actions or other patterns of coercive behavior that influence another person within an intimate partner relationship. This includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, or wound someone.”

Domestic violence, according to California law, encompasses any type of abuse inflicted upon an “intimate partner.” This includes the deliberate or careless application of physical force against the individual or the act of threatening to use force against them.

The California Penal Code defines an “intimate partner” in the broadest possible way, so that can include:

Your spouse
Your former spouse
Your domestic partner
Your former domestic partner
A person with whom you’ve had a child
A current live-in romantic partner
A former live-in romantic partner
Someone you date
A person you dated previously

Other persons may also be victims of domestic violence under CA law:

Children
Your brother/half-brother/step-brother
Your sister/half-sister/step-sister
Parents
Grandparents
Your niece
Your nephew
Your uncle
Your aunt
Anyone related to you within the second degree by blood or marriage

Judy L. Burger is a Certified Family Law Specialist who can be a strong and aggressive advocate in highly conflicted domestic matters when you need the law on your side. Contact us for immediate help.

Common Acts of Domestic Violence

Charges of domestic violence vary under California law, depending on the severity of the crime and the surrounding circumstances. Many violent acts are specifically defined under the Penal Code. Some of the most common include:

Corporal Injury Upon a Spouse or Cohabitant – this counts even for slight injuries.
Child Abuse – is defined as inflicting “cruel or inhuman corporal punishment or an injury resulting in a traumatic condition” upon a child.
Domestic Battery – using force or inflicting harm on an intimate partner.
Child Endangerment – willfully allowing a child in your care to be harmed or allowing her or his safety to be endangered, including actions or neglect.
Child Neglect – this is willfully neglecting to provide the basic necessities for your minor children.
Stalking – harassing or threatening so as to cause fear for your or your family’s safety.
Criminal Threats – threatening anyone with serious harm.
Aggravated Trespass – entering a home or workplace to carry out a threat within thirty days of making it.
Posting Harmful Information on the Internet (“Cyberstalking”) – making harmful information about someone else available by posting or emailing the material.
“Revenge Porn” – intentional distribution of sexual images of another person with the intent to cause them emotional distress.

Domestic Violence Penalties In California

In California, most domestic violence offenses are known as “wobbler” offenses, which means they can be charged as either misdemeanors or felonies, depending on the specifics of the case. Factors such as prior criminal record and the extent of the victim’s injuries are considered when determining whether to pursue misdemeanor or felony charges for an act of domestic violence.

Penalties range from probation with certain freedoms to fines, county jail, or state prison time. Domestic violence misdemeanor convictions also impose a ten-year ban on owning or possessing firearms. Persons convicted of felony domestic violence charges fall under the “Felon In Possession of a Firearm” law and are under a lifetime ban from owning firearms.

Some federal domestic violence misdemeanors also impart a lifetime firearm ownership ban.

Get Help with Domestic Violence Crimes In California

You should never hesitate to act when you believe you or your child are victims of domestic violence. Do not wonder how long you must suffer – when you or your child experience abuse or feel threatened, that is the time to act. Contact The Law Offices of Judy L. Burger for immediate assistance with obtaining a restraining order.

You can also get immediate assistance by calling the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233.

Child Custody, Domestic Violence

Penalties for False Child Abuse Allegations

March 21, 2024 TRIWriter

When child abuse allegations are made, it is crucial to take them seriously and investigate them thoroughly. The welfare of the child is paramount, and if the allegations are true, the offender should be held accountable. However, when false allegations are made, the consequences can be severe for everyone involved.

Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger explains more about the potential penalties for false child abuse allegations in California to prevent false accusations and protect the rights of all parties involved.

False Allegations of Child Abuse in California

False allegations of child abuse are taken seriously in California. It is considered a form of child abuse and can result in serious consequences for the accuser. False allegations can be made intentionally or unintentionally, and they can be made for many reasons, including:

To gain an advantage in a child custody battle
To get revenge on a spouse or partner
To deflect attention away from the accuser’s own misconduct
To seek attention or sympathy from others

None of these reasons are sufficient grounds for these actions.

California Family Code Division 8, Chapter 1, Section 3027.5. Sexual abuse of child; report or treatment; limitations on custody or visitation, paragraph b states:

“The court may order supervised visitation or limit a parent’s custody or visitation if the court finds substantial evidence that the parent, with the intent to interfere with the other parent’s lawful contact with the child, made a report of child sexual abuse, during a child custody proceeding or at any other time, that the reporting parent knew was false at the time it was made. A limitation of custody or visitation, including an order for supervised visitation, pursuant to this subdivision, or a statute regarding the making of a false child abuse report, shall be imposed only after the court has determined that the limitation is necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the child. The court has considered the state’s policy of ensuring that children have frequent and continuing contact with both parents as declared in subdivision (b) of Section 3020.”

Penalties for False Child Abuse Allegations in California

False allegations of child abuse can result in severe legal consequences for the accuser. The penalties in California include:

Criminal Charges: Making false accusations of child abuse is a crime in California under State Penal Code § 11172. If found guilty, the accuser can be charged with a misdemeanor or a felony, depending on the severity. The penalties can include jail time and fines.
Civil Penalties: False allegations of child abuse can also result in civil penalties. The accused can file a civil lawsuit against the accuser for defamation, emotional distress, and other damages. If found guilty, the accuser may have to pay substantial damages.
Loss of Custody: False allegations of child abuse can also result in the loss of custody of the child. If the court determines that the allegations were made with the intent to harm or deceive, the accuser can lose custody of the child and may even have their parental rights terminated.
Criminal Record: If the accuser is convicted of making false allegations of child abuse, they will have a criminal record. This can make it challenging to find employment and housing and can also impact their ability to obtain custody of their children in the future.

Protecting the Welfare of Children

It is crucial to protect the welfare of the child in all cases of child abuse, whether the allegations are true or false. False allegations can harm everyone involved, including the accused, the accuser, and the child. Investigating all allegations thoroughly and taking appropriate legal action, if necessary, is essential.

If you or someone you know is facing false allegations of child abuse, it is crucial to seek legal guidance from a Certified Family Law Specialist to protect your rights and your child’s welfare. Attorney Judy Burger can provide the guidance and support you need to navigate this challenging situation and protect your family’s best interests. Contact us today to schedule a consultation.

Child Custody

False Allegations of Child Abuse in California Custody Battles

February 22, 2016 Judy L. Burger Leave a comment

The California Legislature, by law, has said that the primary concern in child custody decisions is the “best interest of the children” It is the policy of the State of California that the “health, safety, and welfare of children” are of the utmost importance.

It is not surprising, then, that false allegations of child abuse may be punished in custody battles in California courts.

The law gives judges the authority to take temporary steps deemed necessary to protect a child who is the target of alleged child abuse, pending the outcome of an investigation and report to the court.

When the investigation is complete, the court must make a determination about whether the child abuse allegations were true or false. If the court finds that the allegations were true, the abusing party has an uphill battle to obtain custody of any kind. That is because California law creates a presumption that a party who meets the following criteria should not receive custody:

The parent committed domestic violence;
Against the other parent, the child, or the child’s siblings;
In the last five years.

But what if the allegations were false?

California law provides stiff penalties for parents who knowingly makes false child abuse allegations. First, the party may be required to pay sanctions. The sanctions can include all costs incurred by the party who had to defend the false allegations, including attorney’s fees.

Additionally, the court may limit custody or visitation of the parent who falsely made the allegations under limited circumstances:

The parent made a report of child sexual abuse;
That he knew was false when he made it;
With the intent to interfere with the other parent’s contact with the child; and
A limitation in custody is necessary to protect the child’s health, safety, and welfare.

All of this must be supported by substantial evidence, and the court must consider California’s policy of frequent and continuing contact of children with both of their parents.

Limiting custody may include reduced visitation or supervised visitation.

As the law regarding false child abuse allegations makes clear, the health and well-being of your children are important not only to you, but to the State of California. In hotly contested child support matters, you need an attorney to fight for you and your child. The attorneys at the Law Offices of Judy L. Burger have extensive experience in divorce, child custody, and child support matters. Make the call today to learn how our attorneys can protect you and your children: (415) 293-8314.

Domestic Violence

Standard Child Abuse and Neglect Legal Procedures in California

February 25, 2013 Judy Burger

When someone files a credible report regarding a child in danger, an investigation must be conducted by either a social worker or the police. They will decide if the child appears to be in imminent danger and whether it is necessary to remove the child from his or her home. Police or the social workers may decide that a child should be placed in temporary foster care for his or her safety if they believe the child was neglected, molested, or abused. The child may be sent to live with a relative, to the other legal parent if the parents do not live together, or to a foster home or shelter. Once a child is removed from the home, social services should conduct a deeper investigation about the home environment, the parent or other caretakers, and the child. After an investigation, social services will make recommendations regarding what action they consider to be best for the child’s safety and personal wellbeing. They may recommend filing a petition in court to have a child declared “dependent.” If you believe you have been wrongfully targeted by social services and need someone on your side to fight for you and your child, seek the help of an experienced family law attorney as soon as possible. A delay could be used against you by social services later. At the Law Offices of Judy L. Burger, we will aggressively pursue the best outcome possible for you in your divorce or custody proceedings. Judy L. Burger is known for taking a firm stand in representing clients in high conflict cases in and around the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento areas. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help. Call (415)293-8314 in the San Francisco Bay area or (916)631-1935 in the Sacramento area, or contact us online via our confidential inquiry form.