Category Archives: Marriage

How Can Infidelity Impact My California Divorce?
Adultery, California Divorce, Child Custody, Child Support, Marriage, Property Division, Spousal Support

How Can Infidelity Impact My California Divorce?

Divorce is a challenging and emotional process, often complicated by underlying issues such as infidelity. In California, a no-fault divorce state, the term “no-fault” means that you do not have to prove wrongdoing to obtain a divorce. However, infidelity can still influence various aspects of the divorce proceedings.

Understanding how infidelity can impact your divorce is crucial, and working with an experienced family law attorney like Judy L. Burger can help navigate this complex terrain.

The Legal Landscape of Infidelity in California Divorce

California law is primarily grounded in no-fault principles, which means that you can file for divorce without attributing blame to your partner for the marriage breakdown.

The Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco, says, “California is a ‘no fault’ divorce state, you do not need to prove someone did something wrong. You just have to state that you cannot get along with the other party. Legally, this is called ‘irreconcilable differences.’”

However, even within a no-fault system, infidelity can have ramifications. While infidelity doesn’t directly affect division of property or spousal support according to California Family Code, it can impact other factors during the divorce process.

Impact on Community Property Division

In California, assets acquired during the marriage are typically considered community property, meaning they should be divided equally between both spouses. Infidelity alone does not change the classification of property from community to separate property. However, if the infidelity involved the squandering of marital assets—such as spending community funds on an extramarital affair—this might be taken into consideration.

The court could potentially award a reduced share of the community property to the spouse who wasted assets due to their infidelity. In essence, while infidelity itself isn’t a legally recognized reason for favoring one spouse over another in property division, the consequences of infidelity can have financial implications.

Spousal Support Considerations

In California, the court assesses several factors when determining spousal support (alimony), including the duration of the marriage, the standard of living during the marriage, and, to a lesser extent, the conduct of the parties. While infidelity does not automatically disqualify a spouse from receiving support, if one spouse’s infidelity is shown to have a direct impact on the couple’s financial situation—like leading to a significant decline in joint income—it could influence the court’s decisions.

Child Custody and Infidelity

When it comes to child custody arrangements, California courts prioritize the best interest of the child. Infidelity alone is not a factor that typically affects custody decisions. However, the behavior associated with infidelity (such as irresponsibility, commitment issues, or an unstable relationship) could be assessed under the lens of parental fitness. If the infidelity leads to instability in the home environment or negatively affects the children, it could influence custody arrangements.

How Judy L. Burger Can Help

Navigating the complexities of a divorce, particularly when infidelity is involved, can be overwhelming. As a Certified Family Law Specialist with extensive experience, Judy L. Burger provides clients with strategic legal guidance tailored to their unique circumstances.

Judy understands the nuances of California divorce law and can help you assess the potential impacts of infidelity on your case. Whether it’s preparing for negotiations, advocating for your rights in court, or ensuring you receive a fair share of marital assets, she offers the expertise needed for navigating such a sensitive matter.

FAQs: Infidelity in Divorce

Does infidelity automatically lead to a divorce in California?

No, California is a no-fault divorce state, meaning you can file for divorce without proving blame. Infidelity may be a reason for emotional distress but doesn’t automatically qualify as a legal ground for divorce.

Can infidelity affect the division of assets?

While infidelity itself doesn’t generally affect how assets are divided, if the cheating spouse wasted community funds on their affair, it could impact the asset division, potentially working against them.

Will infidelity impact spousal support?

Infidelity may not directly impact spousal support in California. However, if the infidelity contributed to financial instability, it could be a consideration in determining support arrangements.

How does infidelity affect child custody arrangements?

Infidelity alone typically does not affect custody arrangements. However, if the behavior linked to infidelity creates instability, it could impact the court’s view of parental fitness.

Can I use infidelity as leverage in negotiations?

While you cannot use infidelity as a legal basis for divorce in California, it can still be an emotional factor in negotiations. Having a competent attorney can help effectively navigate these discussions while focusing on your legal rights and interests.

A Certified CA Family Law Specialist Can Help with Complex Divorce

Infidelity can impact a divorce in various ways, but understanding how it plays into California’s no-fault divorce laws is crucial. If you’re facing a divorce situation where infidelity is involved, consulting with a skilled family law attorney, like Judy L. Burger, can provide clarity and guidance throughout the process. With the right support, you can navigate the complexities of divorce with confidence and ensure that your rights are protected. 

Do I Want My Baby's Father to Establish Paternity in CA?
California Divorce, Child Custody, Child Support, Marriage

Do I Want My Baby’s Father to Establish Paternity in CA?

When a child is born outside of marriage in California, the question of paternity can come into play with custody and support issues. Establishing paternity is critical for various reasons, and knowing whether you want the father of your baby to take this step is essential for your family’s future.

CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger explores the implications, benefits, and steps involved in establishing paternity, helping you make a well-informed decision.

What Is Paternity?

Paternity refers to the legal identification of a child’s father. In California, Family Code §§ 7611 stipulates that when a child is born to parents who are not married, the father does not automatically have legal rights or responsibilities concerning the child. Establishing paternity gives the father legal acknowledgment, which has implications for custody, visitation, child support, and inheritance.

Reasons to Establish Paternity

Establishing paternity can be beneficial for several reasons:

  • Legal Rights and Responsibilities: When paternity is established, the father gains legal rights, including the right to seek custody or visitation. Additionally, he becomes responsible for child support, ensuring that he contributes to the child’s upbringing financially.
  • Emotional and Social Benefits: Knowing who the father is can have emotional benefits for the child. It can foster a greater sense of identity and belonging, helping to establish a relationship between the child and their father.
  • Health Benefits: Establishing paternity may provide vital medical and family history, which can aid in future healthcare decisions for the child.
  • Financial Support: Establishing paternity solidifies the child’s right to financial support from both parents, which can be crucial for the child’s development and education.
  • Inheritance Rights: Establishing paternity ensures that a child has the right to inherit from their father, which can have significant legal and financial implications in the long run.

When You Might Hesitate

On the other hand, there may be reasons to hesitate before deciding whether to have the father establish paternity:

  • Relationship Dynamics: If you are unsure about the father’s intentions or if there are unresolved conflicts between you and him, establishing paternity may complicate your relationship further. In some cases, a lack of commitment or past abuse can raise concerns about making the relationship more complex legally.
  • Concerns Over Child Support: If you feel that the father may not provide adequate financial support or may potentially cause conflicts regarding payments, you may have reservations about taking this step.
  • Past Behavior: If the father has a history of instability or unsuitability that raises concerns regarding his ability to parent effectively, you might question whether it is in your child’s best interest to establish paternity.

Steps to Establish Paternity in California

If you decide to move forward with establishing paternity, here are the steps involved:

  1. Acknowledgment of Paternity (AOP): If both parents agree, they can fill out the Acknowledgment of Paternity form, which both parents must sign. This can usually be done in the hospital at the time of the child’s birth or later.
  2. Court Order: If the parents do not agree, one parent (usually the mother) can file a petition with the family court, which will require DNA testing to establish paternity.
  3. DNA Testing: If there is uncertainty, a court-ordered DNA test can confirm paternity. DNA testing is highly accurate, and results generally effectively determine biological relationships.
  4. Finalizing Paternity: Once paternity is established, either through a mutual signing of the AOP or a court order, the father’s name is added to the birth certificate. This finalizes the father’s legal association with the child.

Establishing paternity can also influence custody and visitation arrangements. Once he is recognized as the legal father, he can seek custody and visitation rights through the family court system. Establishing paternity does not guarantee shared custody, but it is a necessary first step if he wishes to be involved in his child’s life legally.

Considerations Before Making a Decision

Before deciding whether to have the father establish paternity, consider the following:

  • Communication: Open lines of communication with the father can help clarify intentions and expectations regarding parenting. Discuss your feelings and any concerns you may have.
  • Legal Consultation: Consult with a Certified Family Law Specialist like Judy Burger. She can help you understand your rights, obligations, and how establishing paternity can impact your unique situation.
  • Child’s Best Interests: Your decision should ultimately center around what is best for your child. Consider the long-term implications for their well-being, support, and relationship with both parents.

Get Answers to Paternity Questions in CA

Deciding whether to have your baby’s father establish paternity in California is a significant choice that can shape your child’s future. Weigh the benefits against any potential drawbacks, consider the dynamic between you and the father, and think about what aligns best with your child’s needs.

Seeking legal guidance can also empower you with the knowledge to make the best decision for yourself and your child. Contact The Law Offices of Judy L. Burger to schedule a free consultation.

 

When Is Shared Custody Required in California?
California Divorce, Child Custody, Marriage, Mediation

When Is Shared Custody Required in California?

In California, determining custody arrangements for children during a divorce or separation is critical to family law. Shared or joint custody is often preferred as it allows both parents to remain actively involved in their child’s life. However, understanding when shared custody is required or deemed appropriate can be complex.

California Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger explores shared custody in California, including legal definitions, factors influencing custody decisions, and the steps involved in securing a shared custody arrangement.

What Is Shared Custody?

Shared custody is an arrangement in which both parents make significant decisions regarding their children’s lives and spend substantial time with them. There are two primary components to custody: legal custody and physical custody.

  1. Legal Custody: This involves the right and responsibility to make decisions about the child’s upbringing, including education, healthcare, and religious instruction. Joint legal custody means that both parents share this responsibility.
  2. Physical Custody: This pertains to where the child lives and how time is shared between parents. Joint physical custody means that the child will spend significant time living with both parents, though the exact division of time may vary.

What Is the Legal Framework for Custody in California?

California law underscores the importance of a child’s well-being when determining custody arrangements. The primary principle guiding these decisions is the child’s best interests, as outlined in the California Family Code. Courts prioritize maintaining a stable environment that promotes the child’s emotional, physical, and psychological health.

When making custody decisions, courts examine various factors, which include but are not limited to:

  • The child’s age and health: Younger children often require more stability and consistency in their living conditions.
  • The parents’ ability to cooperate: Courts favor arrangements where both parents can work together for the child’s benefit.
  • Each parent’s relationship with the child: Courts consider the quality of the bond between the child and each parent.
  • The child’s preferences: If the child is mature enough, their custody wishes may also be considered.
  • History of any family violence or substance abuse: Safety is paramount; any history of abuse can significantly affect custody decisions.

Situations Where Shared Custody Is Required

While shared custody is not automatically mandated, there are specific circumstances where it becomes a significant consideration:

  • When Both Parents Agree: The most straightforward scenario for shared custody arises when both parents agree it is in the child’s best interests. Courts are likely to endorse a shared custody arrangement if both parents can work together amicably and delineate their roles.
  • Best Interests of the Child: Courts will lean toward this arrangement if it can be demonstrated that shared custody serves the child’s best interests. For example, if the child benefits from having both parents actively involved in their life, shared custody may be deemed necessary.
  • Equal Parental Role: If both parents have historically played equal roles in the child’s upbringing, the court may conclude that shared custody is an appropriate arrangement. This is common when both parents have been involved in parenting and decision-making for the child.
  • Avoiding Custody Battles: California courts more frequently favor shared custody arrangements that minimize parental conflict. If a court determines that shared custody can help mitigate disputes and create a cooperative co-parenting environment, it may be required as part of the custody arrangement.
  • Shared Parenting Plan: California Family Law encourages parents to develop a parenting plan that outlines the details of a shared custody arrangement. If parents present a well-structured and thoughtful strategy to the court, it is more likely to be accepted.

Steps to Establish Shared Custody

If parents are seeking shared custody, the following steps can help facilitate the process:

  1. File for Custody: One parent typically must file a custody application, petition, or response in the appropriate family court. This will outline the desired custody arrangement and reasons for shared custody.
  2. Attend Mediation: California family courts often require parents to attend mediation to discuss custody and visitation arrangements. Mediation can help parents communicate their needs and work toward a mutually beneficial arrangement.
  3. Create a Parenting Plan: Courts encourage parents to draft a parenting plan that outlines where the child will reside, parenting schedules, and how decisions will be made jointly. This plan will then be presented to the court for approval.
  4. Court Hearing: If parents cannot agree through mediation, the court will schedule a hearing. During this hearing, both parents can present their case, offer evidence, and advocate for their desired custody arrangement.
  5. Follow Court Orders: Both parents must follow the court order once the court decides on shared custody. Failure to comply can lead to legal repercussions.

Get Help with Shared Custody in California

Navigating custody arrangements in California can be challenging, but understanding the nuances of shared custody can help parents make informed decisions. By prioritizing the child’s best interests and cooperating, parents can work toward establishing a shared custody arrangement that fosters a positive environment for their child.

If you face custody issues, schedule a consultation with CA family law attorney Judy Burger to ensure your rights and your child’s needs are adequately represented.

 

Can I Ever Obtain Full Custody of My Child After Having Only Supervised Visitation?
California Divorce, Child Custody, Marriage, Visitation

Can I Ever Obtain Full Custody of My Child After Having Only Supervised Visitation?

Supervised visitation is often a tricky and emotional arrangement stemming from numerous complex circumstances. Many parents wonder if it’s possible to transition from supervised visitation to full custody. In California, the court prioritizes the best interests of the child when making custody decisions. CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger shares what you need to know about pursuing full custody after having only supervised visitation.

Understanding Supervised Visitation

Supervised visitation means that a parent can only spend time with their child in the presence of a third party. The goal of supervised visitation is to ensure the child’s safety while allowing the non-custodial parent to maintain a relationship with their child.

California courts order supervised visitation when there are concerns about a child’s well-being during unsupervised visits. Here are some common reasons a judge may mandate supervised visitation:

  • Substance Abuse: When a parent has ongoing substance abuse issues, such as repeated relapses or incomplete treatment, the court may require supervision until the parent demonstrates sustained sobriety.
  • Domestic Violence: If a parent has a history of domestic violence, especially when the child has been exposed to such behavior, this can justify the need for temporary or long-term supervised visitation.
  • Unsafe Living Environment: An unsafe living situation, which may include unsanitary conditions or the presence of dangerous individuals, can also lead to the requirement for supervised visits.
  • Mental Health Concerns: Mental health issues become significant when a parent’s untreated condition affects their ability to care for the child.
  • Abuse or Neglect: Allegations or confirmed cases of abuse or neglect typically result in the requirement for supervised contact.
  • Parental Alienation: When one parent actively interferes with the child’s relationship with the other parent, the court may require a neutral party to supervise visits.

Is Full Custody Possible?

Yes, it is possible to obtain full custody of your child after having only supervised visitation, but it requires demonstrating considerable changes in circumstances. Here are the key factors to consider:

Showing Positive Changes

Courts will look for evidence that you have made significant improvements or changes that address the concerns that led to supervised visitation. This could involve completing a rehabilitation program, undergoing therapy, or demonstrating stability in your personal life, such as consistent employment and a safe living environment.

Documenting Progress

Keeping detailed records of your progress is vital. Document attendance in therapy or counseling, participation in parenting classes, and any positive feedback received from professionals involved in your case. This evidence can be presented during custody hearings to support your request for increased custody rights.

Requesting a Modification

To pursue full custody, you will need to file a motion to modify the existing custody arrangement. The court process typically involves demonstrating to a judge that a significant change in circumstances has occurred and that it would now be in the best interest of the child to change the visitation terms.

Proving the Child’s Best Interests

In any custody matter, the overriding principle is what serves the best interests of the child. This means you’ll need to show that moving to full custody aligns with their emotional, educational, physical, and psychological needs.

Co-parenting and Communication

If possible, demonstrate a willingness to co-parent effectively and communicate with the other parent. Courts often look favorably upon parents who can work collaboratively for the benefit of the child.

Legal Representation

Considering the complexities involved, it’s advisable to seek legal counsel. A family law attorney like Judy Burger can provide guidance on how to effectively present your case for full custody and navigate the court system.

Considerations Before Pursuing Full Custody

Before embarking on the journey to obtain full custody, consider the following:

  • Impact on the Child: Change can be disruptive. Ensure that the transition to full custody will be stable and beneficial for the child.
  • Opposition from the Other Parent: Be prepared for potential pushback from the other parent. Having legal representation can help navigate disputes.
  • Custody Evaluations: Sometimes, the court may order a custody evaluation to assess the parenting capabilities of both parents. Be prepared for this possibility and approach it with transparency and honesty.

Get Help Moving from Supervised Visitation to Full Custody in CA

Obtaining full custody after having only supervised visitation is an attainable goal, provided that you can demonstrate a genuine commitment to positive changes and a dedication to your child’s well-being. The path to achieving full custody can be challenging, but with the right approach and support, many parents successfully make this transition.

Schedule a confidential consultation with CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger. She can help you understand your rights and the steps necessary to seek a modification of custody and provide essential guidance tailored to your specific needs and circumstances.

 

What Should Be Covered In a CA Child Support Agreement?
California Divorce, Child Custody, Child Support, Marriage

What Should Be Covered In a CA Child Support Agreement?

Divorce often brings about numerous changes and challenges, especially when children are involved. One of the most critical aspects of post-divorce arrangements is child support, which is designed to ensure that children continue to receive financial support from both parents. CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger discusses what should be covered in a child support agreement.

What Is Child Support?

In California, child support is a financial obligation that one parent pays to the other for the care and upbringing of their children. This support is intended to cover essential living costs, including housing, food, clothing, education, and medical expenses. The overarching goal is to ensure that children’s needs are met, regardless of their parents’ relationship status.

Key Components of a Child Support Agreement

When creating a child support agreement, several critical aspects should be considered and clearly outlined to prevent conflicts and ensure that all needs are met.

1. Base Support Amount

The agreement should specify the base support amount that is to be paid regularly. California changed the formula for calculating child support. Beginning September 1, 2024, and continuing into 2025 and beyond, parents creating a child support agreement will use a new formula, called the “K factor.” It adjusts the percentage of net income for lower-income parents and recalibrates contributions for higher-income earners. The new formula will increase child support at most income levels and create a fairer system that more accurately addresses each parent’s financial situation. 

It’s crucial that both parents understand how this amount was determined and agree on its payment frequency, whether monthly, bi-weekly, or according to another schedule.

CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger can explain these changes and how they could affect you.

2. Healthcare Expenses

Healthcare costs, including insurance premiums, co-pays, and any uncovered medical expenses, should be addressed in the agreement. Parents need to determine who will be responsible for providing health insurance for the children and how ongoing medical expenses will be shared. Having a clear healthcare provision ensures that children receive necessary medical care without financial disputes.

3. Childcare Expenses

If both parents are working or attending school, childcare expenses may also need to be included in the child support agreement. This should cover costs for daycare, after-school programs, or babysitting services. Clear specifications on how these costs will be divided can help prevent misunderstandings later on.

4. Educational Expenses

Expenses related to education should also be considered, particularly if children are enrolled in private schools or require special education services. The agreement should detail how tuition and related fees will be paid and how costs for college may be handled, including contributions each parent might make toward higher education.

5. Extracurricular Activities

Costs associated with extracurricular activities such as sports, music lessons, clubs, and other enrichment programs should be included as well. Parents should discuss and agree on how these expenses will be covered and the process for deciding on their children’s involvement in such activities.

6. Support Modifications

Life circumstances can change, and it may become necessary to modify the child support agreement over time. The agreement should include a clause outlining how modifications can be made, referencing situations like significant income changes, changes in the children’s needs, or changes in custody arrangements.

7. Enforcement and Penalties

It’s vital to include information on how the agreement will be enforced and the penalties for non-payment. California courts take child support obligations seriously, and understanding the legal implications of failing to comply with the agreement can help motivate both parents to adhere to the terms.

8. Other Key Factors

Some other notable factors to be spelled out in the agreement include:

  • Amount of each payment
  • Frequency and timing of payments (weekly on Mondays, the 1st of each month, etc.)
  • Method of payment (Check, bank transfer, etc.)
  • Monetary responsibilities by category (school fees, medical expenses, etc.)
  • How to determine whether a cost is reasonable
  • Which parent will claim the child as a dependent
  • When the child support obligation will end

Get Help Creating CA Child Support Agreements

Creating a comprehensive child support agreement is crucial for ensuring that the needs of children are prioritized following a divorce. By clearly outlining responsibilities and expectations related to financial support, both parents can contribute to a stable and nurturing environment for their children.

If you are in the process of drafting or negotiating a child support agreement in California, schedule a consultation with CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger. She is an experienced family law attorney who can provide personalized legal advice and assistance to help you navigate the complexities of child support and ensure that your agreement reflects the best interests of your children while protecting your rights as a parent.

 

Is Domestic Violence On the Rise in California?
California Divorce, Child Custody, Domestic Violence, Marriage, Restraining Order, Restraining Order, Termination of Parental Rights

Is Domestic Violence On the Rise in California?

As conversations surrounding domestic violence increase, residents need to understand the current state of this serious issue in California. Domestic violence, which encompasses physical, emotional, and psychological abuse, has far-reaching consequences for individuals and communities. CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger explores this topic so you can better understand the challenges we face in combating domestic violence in the Golden State.

Startling Facts On Domestic Violence

The following facts are based on the 2023 California Violence Experiences Survey (CalVEX):

  • More than half of California women experience intimate partner violence in their lifetime.
  • One in 30 women – more than 460,000 in California – experienced physical and/or sexual violence from a partner in just the past year, and those reporting these abuses in the past year faced greater health and social risks.
  • 9% of women and 31.1% of menin California experience intimate partner violence or stalking in their lifetime. 
  • In 2021, California reported over 1,300 human trafficking cases, the most reported cases of human trafficking in the United States.

“Women who experienced intimate partner violence in the past year are more likely to be contending with depression, anxiety, and suicidality, and they are also more likely to have faced recent eviction,” said Jakana Thomas, a professor of political science at the School of Global Policy and Strategy.

A 2024 report, “The Costs of Intimate Partner Violence in California,” reveals a cost of $73.7 billion to the state in health care, lost productivity and income, and criminal justice and response program spending for domestic violence cases in 2022 alone. This is about 2% of the gross domestic product for California. 

Factors Contributing to the Rise

Domestic violence is a complex issue influenced by various social, economic, and psychological factors. Some of the reasons contributing to its rise may include:

  1. Economic Stress: Economic challenges, such as unemployment or financial insecurity, can increase tensions within households, leading to conflicts that may escalate into violence.
  2. Increased Substance Abuse: Stressful situations can lead to increased alcohol or drug use, which may contribute to aggressive behavior and exacerbate existing tensions in relationships.
  3. Social Norms and Attitudes: Societal acceptance of violence as a means of conflict resolution can perpetuate cycles of abuse. Cultural attitudes towards gender roles and power dynamics in relationships can also impact the prevalence of domestic violence.
  4. Lack of Education and Resources: A lack of education about healthy relationships and available resources can keep victims stuck in abusive situations. Many may not know how to seek help or where to turn.
  5. Historical and Ongoing Trauma: Individuals who have experienced violence in their own families or communities may be more likely to either perpetrate or experience domestic violence themselves, perpetuating cycles of abuse.

Domestic Violence and the Law

The United States Department of Justice defines domestic violence as: “Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, psychological, or technological actions or threats of actions or other patterns of coercive behavior that influence another person within an intimate partner relationship. This includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, or wound someone.”

California law specifies that domestic violence encompasses any type of abuse inflicted upon an “intimate partner,” which is broadly defined to include almost a dozen different relationships. This includes the deliberate or careless application of physical force against the individual or the act of threatening to use force against them.

The Importance of Taking Action

The issue of domestic violence is critical. Do not wonder how long you must suffer – when you or your child experience abuse or feel threatened, that is the time to act. If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, please reach out to the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233). Contact The Law Offices of Judy L. Burger for immediate assistance with obtaining a restraining order. Together, we can work towards breaking the cycle of violence and creating a safer future for everyone.

 

Changes to CA Child Support Laws for 2025
California Divorce, Child Custody, Child Support, Marriage

Changes to CA Child Support Laws for 2025

California made adjustments in 2024 to reflect changes to the decades-old formula for calculating child support. Beginning September 1, 2024, and continuing into 2025, parents under child support orders will see new changes. CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger explores these changes and how they could affect you.

Improving Parenting in the 21st Century

California’s new child support law, Senate Bill 343 (SB 343), aims to make the child support system more equitable and personalized. The new law will take effect on January 1, 2026, and includes several changes:

  1. Updated Calculation Formula: The new formula, called the “K factor,” adjusts the percentage of net income for lower-income parents and recalibrates contributions for higher-income earners. The new formula will increase child support at most income levels and create a fairer system that more accurately addresses each parent’s financial situation. 
  2. Revised Add-on Expense Allocation: Add-on expenses, like childcare and medical costs, will be allocated based on each parent’s net income after taxes. This change will affect many parents’ financial responsibilities. The bill also includes additional expenses like extracurricular activities, childcare, and medical costs not covered by insurance. 
  3. Low-income Adjustments: The new guidelines create a “low-middle” earning bracket to help identify parents who are not on public assistance but still need support. The threshold for the low-income adjustment is now based on the amount a parent would earn working a full 40-hour workweek at minimum wage. 
  4. Pass Through to Formerly Assisted Families: Payments received toward government-owed debt will be distributed to parents who previously received cash assistance. 
  5. Potential Reductions for Incarcerated Parents: The bill provides potential reductions in child support obligations for incarcerated parents. 
  6. Limits On Driver’s License Suspensions: The bill limits the use of driver’s license suspensions as a penalty for unpaid child support. 

Periodic Reviews Of Child Support Orders

SB 343 establishes a requirement for periodic reviews of child support orders, aimed at adjusting these obligations in accordance with evolving circumstances. These reviews will consider changes in the parents’ income, employment status, and the needs of the child over time. By implementing regular assessments, the new guidelines seek to maintain fairness in child support arrangements, ensuring that the obligations reflect the current situations of both parents and the child. This provision allows for modifications to child support orders as necessary, promoting ongoing equity in child support agreements.

How Do These Changes Affect You?

California is implementing new child support guidelines aimed at creating a fairer and more balanced system. These changes prioritize the well-being of children while considering the diverse financial situations of parents. Understanding the details of Senate Bill 343 is important for those affected by these changes and anyone wanting to stay informed.

The only way to learn how these changes affect you is to have your current child support orders and calculations professionally reviewed. Have you already noticed changes in your child support payments or calculations? Do you have more questions about these changes and how they affect your specific case?

Family Law Attorney Judy L. Burger is adept at helping clients navigate child support issues and her counsel can be invaluable as you seek to protect your rights and ensure the best interests of your child. For expert guidance on these changes, CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy Burger is available to assist you in addressing your family’s needs. Contact one of our offices to schedule a consultation and review. Call 415-293-8314 and ask to meet in the office nearest you: Gold River, San Francisco, San Jose, Beverly Hills, San Diego, Oxnard, San Rafael, or Santa Barbara, CA.

 

Are Ex Parte Hearings Common?
Marriage, Domestic Violence, Legal Separation, Restraining Order, Termination of Parental Rights

Are Ex Parte Hearings Common?

Ex parte hearings, also known as emergency hearings, are common in family law cases. These hearings allow one party to request immediate court intervention without the other party being present. They are typically used in urgent situations where waiting for a regularly scheduled hearing would cause irreparable harm. CA Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger shares some vital insights about emergency hearings.

What Is An Ex Parte Hearing?

The term “ex parte” comes from Latin and translates to “from one party.” It refers to a request made by one party to present evidence to the court with minimal or no notice to other involved parties. In California, these hearings are allowed in cases where there is an imminent threat of significant harm, and immediate action is necessary to prevent it.

Ex parte hearings are not meant to bypass the regular legal process. Instead, they are intended to address urgent matters that cannot wait for a scheduled hearing. The party requesting the ex parte hearing must demonstrate to the court that a genuine emergency requires immediate attention.

These hearings are subject to specific legal procedures and requirements and are typically granted only when there is a compelling reason to do so. The party requesting the hearing must provide clear and convincing evidence to support their request, and the court will carefully consider the potential impact of granting the emergency relief.

When Should I Request an Ex Parte Hearing?

Family disagreements can quickly escalate. Relationships can sour and become highly emotional. Child custody discussions between parents can sometimes become tense or even escalate to violence. In California family court, if you anticipate that discussions could become volatile or if you feel threatened, you have the option to request an ex parte hearing. In such a hearing, the court may grant emergency orders to protect you and your child, even in the absence of the other parent or party, if there is sufficient evidence to support your request.

Common reasons to request an ex parte hearing include the following:

  1. To Protect a Child: Ex parte emergency orders are typically granted when there are allegations of child abuse, neglect, a threat of abduction, or other similar reasons when a child would need legal protection from serious harm.
  2. To Prevent Physical Harm: Ex parte orders can be granted to protect an adult from possible domestic violence or other causes of imminent and serious harm. Preventing a personal injury from a previously violent person is a justifiable cause for an ex parte emergency order of protection. This includes if one parent threatens harmful actions if a sole custody petition is filed with the court.
  3. To Prevent Financial Harm: Ex parte orders can also be requested if significant financial harm is imminent, threatened, or otherwise could cause serious loss to the victims. An example would be when one party claims a spouse is willfully destroying joint-owned property, leaving the first party without a means of support.

While ex parte hearings are relatively common in family law cases, they are reserved for urgent situations that require immediate court intervention. If you believe that you have a legitimate need for an ex parte hearing, it’s crucial to seek legal advice and assistance to ensure that your rights are protected and that the court fully understands the urgency of your situation.

California Ex Parte Hearings Attorney

In cases where custody matters are at risk due to impending harm or violence, or you feel threatened in any way, the Law Offices of Judy L. Burger can assist you in obtaining ex parte orders. If you find yourself in a situation where you or your child are facing abuse or feeling threatened, it is crucial to act.

A temporary restraining order may be necessary to safeguard you and your child from an abusive or manipulative spouse or parent. For immediate assistance in obtaining a restraining order, please reach out to the Law Offices of Judy L. Burger, which has eight offices across California to serve you.

 

Spousal Support and Taxes
Spousal Support, California Divorce, Marriage, Mediation, Property Division

Spousal Support and Taxes

Filing for a divorce can complicate your tax situation, especially regarding spousal support. Is alimony (spousal support) taxable? Yes and no. Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger explains more about how spousal support affects your federal income taxes.

What Is Alimony?

The Internal Revenue Service defines alimony, or spousal support, (also called separate maintenance) as, “Amounts paid to a spouse or a former spouse under a divorce or separation instrument (including a divorce decree, a separate maintenance decree, or a written separation agreement) …”

It further specifies what qualifies as spousal support:

“A payment is alimony or separate maintenance if all the following requirements are met:

  • The spouses don’t file a joint return with each other;
  • The payment is in cash (including checks or money orders);
  • The payment is to or for a spouse or a former spouse made under a divorce or separation instrument;
  • The spouses aren’t members of the same household when the payment is made (This requirement applies only if the spouses are legally separated under a decree of divorce or of separate maintenance.);
  • There’s no liability to make the payment (in cash or property) after the death of the recipient spouse;
  • The payment isn’t treated as child support or a property settlement; and
  • The divorce or separation agreement does not designate the payment as not includable in gross income of the payee spouse and not allowable as a deduction to the payer spouse.”

Alimony and child support are not the same. Child support is never deductible and isn’t considered income.

Is Spousal Support Taxable?

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 changed alimony taxation rules. Here is the law as it stands now (June 4, 2024):

  1. Spousal support or separate maintenance payments made under a divorce or separation agreement executed before 2019 are deductible by the payer spouse and included in the recipient spouse’s income.
  2. Spousal support or separate maintenance payments made under a divorce or separation agreement dated on or after January 1, 2019, are NOT deductible by the payer spouse and NOT included in the recipient spouse’s income.

Some support included in a divorce or separation agreement is not considered spousal support under federal tax guidelines. Family Law Attorney Judy Burger can examine your divorce or separation agreement and determine what is and is not taxable/tax deductible for the current tax year. Many aspects of the TCJA expire in 2025 unless re-enacted by Congress.

Legal Help with Child & Spousal Support

California takes child and spousal support agreements seriously. Child support is never deductible and isn’t considered income. If a divorce or separation instrument provides alimony and child support, and the payer spouse pays less than what is required, the payments apply to child support first. Only the remaining amount is considered alimony. However, Failure to meet court-ordered support agreements is considered contempt of court and can bring serious punishments.

Penalties for contempt of family court can include imprisonment, community service, fines, and/or payment of outstanding debt for financial obligations. California law dictates that sentencing may result in fines of up to $1,000 per act of contempt and/or as many as five days in jail. In cases such as child support or spousal support order violations, fines and jail time will accumulate after months of failure to pay.

Support violations carry a three-year statute of limitations. Any action alleging violations of support orders must be made within three years after the first missed payment.

If you have questions about child or spousal support or need help getting what you deserve, contact The Law Offices of Judy L. Burger. We have eight conveniently located offices across California to serve you.

Can a California Restraining Order Keep Me Safe?
Restraining Order, California Divorce, Child Custody, Domestic Violence, Legal Separation, Marriage, Mediation, Property Division, Restraining Order, Termination of Parental Rights

Can a California Restraining Order Keep Me Safe?

A California restraining order “(also called a ‘protective order’) is a court order that can protect someone from being physically or sexually abused, threatened, stalked, or harassed.” But can a restraining order keep you safe? Certified Family Law Specialist Judy L. Burger explains the basic provisions of California restraining orders and how they work.

Types of Restraining Orders

Restraining orders in California can include prohibitions or guidelines for:

  1. Personal Conduct
  2. Distance Exclusions (Stay-Away Orders)
  3. Moving Out (Residence Exclusion Orders)

These orders come in various types:

The subject of the restraining order has restrictions that govern their:

  • Movements
  • Freedoms
  • Living arrangements
  • Custody and visitation rights
  • Immigration and naturalization status or privileges

Restraining orders are designed to keep parties separate and govern the actions of one party to minimize or eliminate the risk of harassment, intimidation, and violence.

When Should I File for a Restraining Order?

Many California residents struggle with the question of when it is appropriate or necessary to file for a restraining order with the court. They ask, “How far is too far?” or “How much should I endure?” before a restraining order is warranted. However, if you are asking that question, it may already be time to seek legal protections.

If you ask, “How far is too far?” or “How much should I endure?” before a restraining order is warranted, it is likely time to seek legal protection.

Contact The Law Offices of Judy L. Burger for assistance with obtaining a California restraining order or call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233 for immediate help.

If the restrained person violates the restraining order, they may be subject to imprisonment, a fine, or both.

Be Proactive About Your Safety

A legal protection order is a strong defense, but it is only one aspect of protection. You should be proactive about your own safety and the safety of your child(ren). Family Law Attorney Judy Burger can discuss specific provisions with you, but we recommend taking the following actions:

  • Being aware of your surroundings at all times
  • Keeping doors and windows locked at all times
  • Avoiding places or areas where the risk of confrontation is high
  • Do not share your residence information, plans, or whereabouts on social media or with anyone
  • Create an emergency plan in case you need to leave your home or another location
  • Use a third party for any necessary communications with the restraining order subject
  • Immediately report all violations of the restraining order’s provisions

Certified CA Family Law Specialist Judy Burger can walk with you through the difficult circumstances that prompt filing for a domestic violence restraining order in California and help you keep yourself and your children safe. Contact one of our eight offices across the state for more information.

Get Help Filing for a Domestic Violence Restraining Order

The Law Offices of Judy L. Burger can help you file a petition to the court for various restraining orders. The petition outlines the details of the threats or abuse prompting the order request and includes dates, locations, and all relevant facts. We will also help you collect evidence like videos, images, social media posts, damaged property, physical evidence on your body, medical reports, witness statements, and more. Our team will also help you determine the type of restraining order you need and what you need it to do.