Category Archives: Legal Separation

Legal Separation

Pros and Cons of Default Judgment in Divorce

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When a relationship does not stand the test of time, the people who once were a couple need to become individuals again. In California, this can sometimes be accomplished through the use of a default judgment for divorce. In a default judgment, one partner completes paperwork to have the court enter a divorce judgment and the other individual does not contest the divorce. In this type of default, the parties agree on the settlement provisions. As a result, the court is able to simply enter a default judgment.

A default judgment is sometimes the simplest and easiest method of having a divorce completed. It is usually less costly than litigation. However, there are both pros and cons to this method of ending a marriage.

Sometimes the people who are divorcing decide that having a default judgment is the method they want to use for divorcing, so they agree beforehand on how they want the divorce to be structured and bring that in for the entry of judgment. This allows them to have the ease of a default judgment and still ensure that their collective property is separated in the method they prefer.

However, there are many potential cons in using a default judgment in a divorce case, and using this method is not always appropriate. A default judgment should not be used if the parties are not in agreement about the distribution of the marital estate, if there is a situation of abuse of one partner by the other, or if the parties do not have a full understanding of the legal implications of the divorce. It is important for both parties to also understand that the party who is not initiating the divorce, also known as the respondent, is giving up his or her right to contest the court’s decision if no response is made.

Perhaps most important, however, is that failing to obtain the advice of an experienced California divorce attorney can result in giving up rights that a spouse may not even know he or she has, all in the name of “getting along.”

If you want to learn more about whether a default divorce might compromise your future, or that of your children, contact the attorneys at the Law Offices of Judy L. Burger. We can help. Call us today to make an appointment: (415) 293-8314.
New Law in California Addresses Date of Separation
California Divorce, Legal Separation

New Law in California Addresses Date of Separation

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When a marriage or domestic partnership fails, the parties are immediately confronted with a number of issues, not the least of which is how to separate physically. Typically, there is an initial intimate separation that then morphs into a physical separation.

Separating physically, however, is not that easy for many couples because of issues like finances and children. Couples advancing toward divorce sometimes choose to continue living under the same roof while they get their affairs in order before finally divorcing. Until recently, separated couples in California had to actually live in separate residences to have their post-separation finances considered as separate.

The rule had been handed down in 2015 by the California Supreme Court in a case called In re Marriage of Davis. In that case, the couple had been living in the marital home pending their divorce, although they were functioning as individuals. For example, their finances were handled separately, they travelled to children’s events separately, and they each did their own laundry. Notwithstanding their living separate lives, the Court ruled that an indispensible component of a married couple being separated under the eyes of the law was living in separate residences.

The legislature took umbrage with this ruling and passed Senate Bill 1255, which took effect January 1, 2017. This bill amended the California Family Code, specifying two grounds on which the date of marital separation could be established: 1) One spouse has expressed to the other spouse his or her intent to end the marriage; and 2) the conduct of that spouse is consistent with his or her intent to end the marriage. The bill also provided that courts “shall take into consideration all relevant evidence” to establish the date of separation.

The new law provides more flexibility to couples who decide to end their marriages. It is a much more sensible way of respecting the decisions that those couples make as they navigate such a significant upheaval in their lives.

When Are You Considered by California Courts to Be “Separated”?
California Divorce, Legal Separation

When Are You Considered by California Courts to Be “Separated”?

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One of the most hotly contested issues in many divorce proceedings—the date of separation— drives when the partners to marriage can claim their respective incomes as separate property. This is a vitally important question that can substantially change each person’s financial standing well into the future.

California Family Code § 760 provides that property acquired during a marriage is considered community property that is subject to equitable distribution in a divorce unless another law provides otherwise. One major exception to this conglomeration of community property applies after the spouses are separated. This exception is located in California Family Code § 771.

Last year, the California Supreme Court considered whether a couple could be considered separate even though they were living in the same house. In the case, the couple was married in 1993 and had two kids during the 1990s. They stayed together but at some point started sleeping in separate bedrooms. There were also several other indicators of their separateness, such as the following:

  • driving separately to their children’s activities;
  • the husband washing his own laundry; and
  • the separation of their financial affairs.

Despite these indicators, the two continued to live together. The wife received her mail and telephone calls at the couple’s home, and she did not change the address on her driver’s license.

The wife argued that the two had been functioning as roommates and were separated as of 2006 despite continuing to live together. The husband argued that they did not truly separate until much later, in 2011. The trial court agreed with the wife and found the date of separation to be 2006. The court of appeals affirmed, and the husband filed an appeal.

The California Supreme Court first considered the language of the law regarding the date of separation as it related to a claim of separate property: “[t]he earnings and accumulations of a spouse . . ., while living separate and apart from the other spouse, are the separate property of the spouse.” The court determined that the plain meaning of this language seemed to require the “occupation of separate residences.”

The court also considered the legislative history of the law and later legislative developments. The court ultimately held that a couple was not considered to be living separate and apart unless two conditions were met: (1) they were living in separate residences; and (2) at least one of the partners had a “subjective intent to end the marital relationship” that was “objectively evidenced by words or conduct.”

If you need an experienced California family lawyer to discuss the particulars of your situation, contact the Law Offices of Judy L. Burger. We have decades of experience in family law matters, and we will put our experience to work for you. Call (415) 259-6636 to get started today.
California Supreme Court: Can a Couple Living in the Same Home Be Considered "Living Separate and Apart"?
Legal Separation

California Supreme Court: Can a Couple Living in the Same Home Be Considered “Living Separate and Apart”?

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Couples who are separated and making their way toward divorce sometimes continue to live in the same home. It is not too hard to imagine reasons why this would happen. Finances are a key consideration.


Many couples struggle to make ends meet keeping just one household. A sudden need to maintain two (on the same amount of money) can be pretty daunting. Children are a second reason that separating couples often continue to live in the same home. Divorce is hard on children, and sometimes a more gradual approach to the physical separation of the parents can be in their best interest.


The problem with continuing to live in the same house after deciding to “separate” is that the separation date plays a huge role in the division of marital assets when a divorce actually occurs. Once a legally recognized separation takes place, the parties begin accumulating separate assets to which the other party has no legal right. This is true whether there is a legal separation granted by the court or whether the parties simply separate on their own.


Continuing to live in the same home confounds the question of whether the couple is separated. A recent case decided by the California Supreme Court answered this question, at least for the particular circumstances of that case. In Marriage of Davis, the Court concluded that the couple were not living separate and apart until the wife moved out of the house. Initially, both parties stated that they were living separate and apart even while still in the house together, but later the husband claimed the separation did not occur until his wife moved out.


Some may view the Court’s decision as establishing a bright line rule that continuing to live in the same house defeats the notion of living separate and apart. This is not the case. The Court determined that in this set of circumstances, the couple was not considered as living separate and apart while under the same roof. It left open the door for a subsequent determination that a couple could show that they “had established separate residences  . . . even though they continued to literally share one roof.”


If you are contemplating divorce, you will need advice early in the process, especially on the issue of living separate and apart. Judy L. Burger is an aggressive, knowledgeable lawyer who has extensive experience in high conflict divorces in California. Contact her today at (415) 293-8314 to discuss your case.
Legal Grounds for a California Divorce or Separation
California Divorce, Legal Separation

Legal Grounds for a California Divorce or Separation

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California is a “no fault” divorce state. In fact, it was the first state to enact a no fault basis for divorce in 1969. Prior to this change, California state law listed specific faults that, if committed by one of the parties, would be grounds for divorce. These included things such as adultery, extreme cruelty, habitual intemperance, and a number of others. Following enactment of California’s no fault basis, every other state eventually followed suit.

Under our no fault approach, there are only two grounds for divorce and legal separation in California: 1) irreconcilable differences, and 2) permanent legal incapacity to make decisions. Nearly every divorce is filed on grounds of irreconcilable differences. This allows a party to a marriage to pursue a divorce even if her spouse wants to stay married. According to Merriam Webster, irreconcilable means “so different that agreement is not possible.” In a marriage, then, at least one party must believe that agreement on the differences is not possible. Even if the other party states a willingness to agree on differences, they are still irreconcilable if the party of the first part maintains his position.

In the divorce proceeding, the party filing for divorce simply has to tell the court that the marriage needs to be dissolved because there are irreconcilable differences. While the differences are put into the record, no proof of their existence needs to be established. The court just needs to know that one of the parties considers there to be differences, and that they are irreconcilable. The court does have the authority to evaluate each case to reach a conclusion that reconciliation is not possible. In situations where a judge believes reconciliation is possible, he may continue the proceedings for 30 days to see if the parties will reconcile.

Before a divorce petition may be filed, there are residency requirements that must be fulfilled. At least one of the parties must have been a resident of California for six month, and a resident of the county of filing for the immediately preceding three months. If the requirements are not met, the court may refuse to accept the case or will dismiss it when the defect is discovered.

The breakup of a marriage is a difficult life event for both spouses. The attorneys at The Law Offices of Judy L. Burger have extensive experience in divorce matters. Call today to learn how our attorneys can help you and your family: (415) 298-8314.
What Is the Difference Between Divorce and Legal Separation in California?
Legal Separation

What Is the Difference Between Divorce and Legal Separation in California?

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Often, our clients ask about the difference between divorce and legal separation. The essential difference is that divorce is a final action, but a legal separation is not. In a separation, the parties remain married.

This begs the question: Why obtain a separation if you are still married? There are several reasons that legal separation may be an attractive option, including more beneficial residency requirements, the possible retention of certain benefits, and its immediate effect.

One reason a person may wish to pursue a legal separation rather than a divorce is because of the restrictive residency requirements placed on divorce. California law requires that, before a divorce petition may be filed, at least one of the parties must have lived in the state for at least six months; in addition, the person filing the petition must have lived in the county of filing for at least three months.

There are no state or county residency prerequisites for a legal separation. Therefore, a person who wishes to take immediate action may file for a legal separation, then amend the petition to request a divorce after the residency requirements were met. This option would be particularly helpful for someone who wants to obtain quick court rulings on matters such as property division; child, spousal, or domestic partner support; or child visitation. These things may all be adjudicated in a legal separation proceeding, just as they may in an action for a divorce.

Legal separation may also be a valuable option because it sometimes allows the parties to retain benefits that they might lose in a divorce. Some examples of these of benefits are as follows:

  • Allowing the parties to stay within religious restrictions against divorce;
  • Allowing the parties to keep health care or other insurance coverage that would be lost due to a divorce;
  • Permitting one of the parties to retain immigration status; and
  • Enabling the parties to obtain the requisite 10 years of marriage to qualify for Social Security spousal survivor benefits.

Legal separation also has some common-sense advantage for those who are not sure they wish to pursue the finality of a judgment of divorce. That is because legal separations can allow the parties to separate on a trial basis, giving them both the ability to see how they will do financially and emotionally before pursuing a legal end to their marriage.

The financial and other matters involved in legal separations and divorces can be very complex. For example, whether insurance coverage may be lost due to divorce or separation must be determined in each individual case. For this reason, it is critical to consult with an experienced family lawyer who can explain the potential impact of each avenue before a decision is made.

Judy L. Burger pairs her extensive family law experience with compassion and respect. If you would like more information about how California law would impact your situation, please contact her  online  or call (415) 293-8314.

California Divorce, Legal Separation

What If I’ve Been Married More Than Ten Years?

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In some instances, ten years is the benchmark for a marriage to be considered a long-term marriage.  California follows this general rule, along with the Social Security Administration and the U.S. military, which can make it worthwhile to stick it out a little longer if you are close to your ten-year anniversary.  (And vice-versa if you are more likely to be required to pay spousal support.) In some cases, a marriage shorter than ten years may be deemed a long-term marriage.  As with many decisions in family court, the judge has broad discretionary authority and his or her decisions are likely to withstand appeal if evidence was presented at trial to support the judge’s decision. California law (Family Code Section 4336(a)) says that where a marriage is “of long duration,” the court retains jurisdiction indefinitely after the divorce is completed, unless the spouses agree otherwise.  Retaining jurisdiction means the court may continue making decisions about matters between the ex-spouses, and can reevaluate original orders and modify them if the facts justify a change.  In other words, unless alimony was waived by agreement, a court can reopen a case and award alimony later based on a change in circumstances, even if alimony was not awarded in the original proceedings. The Social Security Administration also considers ten years to be a long-term marriage, which means a spouse could be eligible for derivative Social Security benefits if he or she remains unmarried at retirement age, depending on the former spouse’s earnings. If your spouse is an active duty member of the military and you were married ten years, you may also be eligible for retirement pay and other continuing military benefits. At the Law Offices of Judy L. Burger, we will persistently pursue the best outcome possible for you in your divorce or post-divorce proceedings, whether you need to demonstrate the other spouse’s faults, or defend such claims.  Judy L. Burger is known for her aggressive representation of clients in high conflict cases in and around the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento areas.  If you are a spouse facing litigation, call us today to learn more about how we can help.  Call (415)293-8314 in the San Francisco Bay area or (916)631-1935 in the Sacramento area, or contact us online via our confidential inquiry form.
California Divorce, Legal Separation

What is Putative Marriage in California?

Runaway Bride A putative marriage is one where the couple intended to enter into a valid marriage, but for one reason or another, the marriage is legally void in fact.  There may have been a legal barrier to marriage, such as one of the parties was already married to someone else, or unbeknownst to the couple, the official who performed the marriage ceremony was not legally authorized to do so. Sections 2250 – 2255 of the California Family Code explains a putative spouse’s rights when the couple breaks up.  Rather than a petition for divorce, one or both parties must file a petition entitled “In re the marriage of ____ and ____” and the petition must state that it is a petition for a judgment of nullity of the marriage. Once the marriage is found void or voidable, then the Court may proceed to divide property, award spousal support, and award custody of the children in a manner substantially similar to standard divorce proceedings as though the couple were legally married. At the Law Offices of Judy L. Burger, we will persistently pursue the best outcome possible for you in your divorce or quasi-divorce proceedings, whether you need to demonstrate the other spouse’s faults, or defend such claims.  Judy L. Burger is known for her aggressive representation of clients in high conflict cases in and around the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento areas.  If you are a spouse facing divorce, call us today to learn more about how we can help.  Call (415)293-8314 in the San Francisco Bay area or (916)631-1935 in the Sacramento area, or contact us online via our confidential inquiry form.
California Divorce, Legal Separation

The Kids Are Grown and Baby Boomers Are Itching to Move On

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A recent study conducted by divorce lawyers shows Baby Boomers are divorcing at increasingly high rates.  The trend is partially attributed to the fact that divorces among those nearing retirement has become more socially acceptable than it was 10 or 15 years ago.  Likewise, dating among 60-70 year olds is becoming more common and socially acceptable.  It also helps that the kids are not only grown, but may have divorced and remarried as well. Bowling Green State University did a recent study on “gray” divorces, and found that the national divorce rate among adults ages 50 and older doubled between 1990 and 2009. In 2009, more than 600,000 people in that age group divorced, accounting for roughly one out of every four divorces, the study found. Interestingly, it is the Baby Boomers who are financially stable who are more likely to get divorced, because they believe they can live independently of the other and do what it is that makes them happy. If the time has come for you to move on, the Law Offices of Judy L. Burger will put our experience to work to pursue the best outcome possible for you in your divorce proceedings, whether you need to demonstrate the other spouse’s faults, or defend such claims.  Judy L. Burger is known for her aggressive representation of clients in high conflict cases in and around the San Francisco and Bay Sacramento areas.  If you are a spouse facing divorce, call us today to learn more about how we can help.  Call (415)293-8314 in the San Francisco Bay area or (916)631-1935 in the Sacramento area, or contact us online via our confidential inquiry form.
Annulment, California Divorce, Legal Separation

Planning for a Divorce in California

Erase Getting divorced is seldom a walk in the park.  Nobody gets married planning to go through a divorce sometime down the road.  But, life happens and people sometimes change or grow in different directions.  As family law attorneys, we see the effects of such changes every day.  The most common phrase we hear is “He (or she) is not the same person I married.” If divorce seems to be looming on the horizon, this is not the time to ignore the problem and hope it goes away.  Face the issue head on and start planning to ensure the best outcome possible. It goes without saying that choosing the right divorce lawyer is the first critical step in a divorce.  A consultation does not necessarily mean a commitment, but a qualified, experienced California divorce lawyer can answer questions you didn’t even know to ask.  A consultation is well worth the cost if it can save you thousands of dollars in costly mistakes. For those who plan to seek custody of the children, it is not too early to start a journal.  Chronologically record specific events that relate to your spouse’s interaction and relationship with the children.  Your attorney can help you distinguish which events are more important than others. Finally, put your accountant’s hat on and list all of the assets and debts you believe should (or shouldn’t) be included in the marital pie. Instead of thinking of divorce as an ending, think of it as a beginning.  You will have a chance to spend time thinking, planning, and dreaming.  Better relationships can be built with your children and extended family.  You will have a fresh opportunity to become comfortable with who you are rather than what someone else wants you to be.  And when you’re ready, you will have a chance to start over. Judy L. Burger is known for her aggressive representation of clients in high conflict cases in and around the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento areas. If you are a spouse facing divorce, call us today to learn more about how we can help. Call (415)293-8314 in the San Francisco Bay area or (916)631-1935 in the Sacramento area, or contact us online via our confidential inquiry form.